In Roman, they are A, I, U,. In Arabic, they are Zabar, Zeer, and Pesh For Hamzah, the mark, has been used.

For 'Aien, the mark (one inverted comma upside down) has been used before it. Wherever the letter 'Aien occurs between any two words or after any one word then only a single inverted comma upside down has been used. And if the letter Waa'o (oo) or Yaa(ee) occurs after 'Aien then for 'Aien no other letter has been used but a single inverted comma upside down. If a word begins with the vowel point of Zabar and after it the letter Yaa occurs then for such i e has been used, as in 'Aien.

For Noon Ghunnah, the mark ^ has been used or the letter N has been written in small type.

For Tashdeed (doubling of alphabets) the mark has been put between two words, as in Al-Laah.

For a word ending in Yaa, ee has been used, as in 'Alee.